![]() ![]() ![]() Mary, however, who had already experienced years of humiliation by Elizabeth, refused. The Earl of Shrewsbury, an advocate for the outcast Queen of Scots, pleaded with her to exercise moderation in her conflict with Elizabeth I for the English throne. When Paris abducted her, the united Greek armies set out against Troy to take bloody revenge.įriedrich Schiller also left us a royal presentation of rancour in his play Mary Stuart. As a reward, he chose Helen as the most beautiful woman, already married to the King of Sparta. In the end, it was finally left to Paris, Prince of Troy, to decide. ‘Filled with rancour’, as the Iliad told, she threw the golden apple of discord with the inscription Kallisti, ‘for the most beautiful’, into the banquet hall, over which Zeus’s daughters Athena and Aphrodite and his wife Hera fought without results. Eris, the goddess of discord, was disgruntled as the only Olympic goddess who was not invited to the wedding of King Peleus to the sea nymph Thetis. In the Iliad, it is reported that it was grudge and rancour that triggered the Trojan War. Two examples are useful to illuminate this. The cultural history of grudge knows many epic legends. ![]() Then bitterness sets in, the long-lasting, mistrustful sense of having got the short end of the stick, which others should then see how bad it makes the aggrieved person feel. If such opportunities are lacking, and if one’s grudge is perceived as hopeless, then the emotion can also freeze and turn to icy coldness. People who feel weaker can sometimes let their rancour out at someone whose position does not call for caution. A grudge is a feeling that ‘wants to be more, but cannot’ ( Jensen, 2017: 33, transl. People holding a grudge continue to face obstacles everywhere – a feeling of weakness and inferiority, fear of visible standing out, of risky situations in which they do not know what would follow an outburst of rage. But this longed-for revenge is often more of a pipe dream and a quietly imagined fantasy than anything that can actually come to be. The grudge looms silently, waiting for an opportunity to break out of the inner prison it feels locked into, so it can retaliate, strike back and deliver a counterblow. A comment might come out too harshly without there being any apparent reason for it, and facial expressions stiffen and take on contemptuous features. Third parties sometimes become aware of it when it eats its way into the body of the aggrieved person as latent aggression. Once someone shouts out the injustice they experience, the anger and outrage can evaporate, but a grudge continues to smoulder below the surface of one’s behaviour. They are loud, heated and eruptive in making themselves heard. Anger and outrage have their respective triggers and their specific object. It is a constant guest in a person’s emotional household. It carries around anger, displeasure, a deep antipathy or silent hatred for a long time. ![]() Consequently, it is not easy to recognise and even more difficult to overcome. Holding a grudge against someone does not take place out in the open. In fact, a grudge is a quiet, secretive relative of anger or wrath it is passive and turned inward, whereas its affective sibling actively turns its agitation outward. Today, linguistic research agrees that the German noun Groll presumably came from the Middle High German adjective grel, meaning coarse and irate. Old German also used the words Grimm (ire) and Ingrimm (wrath) to express its tense, cramping nature, which is also related to the English ‘grim’ or ‘grimace’. This rancour takes on a specific tonality: muttering and murmuring, the dark tonal colours or timbres are also evident in the English ‘grumbling’ and ‘grunting’. It corresponds to the English ‘grudge’ or ‘rancour’. According to the standard Duden dictionary, Groll stands for secret, entrenched animosity or concealed hatred, and a suppressed displeasure that is prevented from turning outward by internal or external resistance. Turning to the etymology of grudge, in German the word for this is Grollen. The rumbling that gives the rising thunder its dark, dull, sinister sound is an internally smouldering state that bodes ill. Plasma physics recognises the roar of thunder as a harbinger of a sudden rise in temperature that charges matter and changes it into a different state of aggregation. In an instant, it heats the air around it and a shock wave forms whose echo reaches us as a mighty clap of thunder. In the dark clouds that the storm gathers, enormous electrical voltage builds that then suddenly strikes the ground as lightning. It is a warning that a thunderstorm will soon erupt. Like a wave of heavy rocks crashing onto a pebbly beach, the roll of thunder rises muffled and threatening in the distance. To begin with some phenomenological characteristics of grudge, its tonality reminds us of natural phenomena like rolling thunder and heat lightning. ![]()
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